I didn't find the exact cause of the problem yet. It is probably related to a changed filter in revision 9722. In VirtueMart 3.2.15 the issue seems to be solved for the product name, but it still exists for the meta data.
However, if you are typing on a Windows system, you can use one of the following alt codes to enter 'real' quotes/apostrophes as a workaround.
Alt 0145 ‘ curly single open quote
Alt 0146 ’ curly single close quote (The real Apostrophe)
Alt 0147 “ curly double open quote
Alt 0148 ” curly double close quote
Alt 0132 „ low curly doublequote
There are more signs which may look like apostrophes, but I tested only the ones mentioned above.